Final answer:
The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the brain, and the external carotid artery supplies blood to facial structures, lower jaw, neck, esophagus, and larynx.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Carotid Artery is one of the major blood vessels that supplies the head and neck with oxygen-rich blood. Specifically, the internal carotid artery supplies blood to the brain. It arises from the common carotid artery, which divides into the internal and external carotid arteries. The right common carotid artery originates from the brachiocephalic artery, and the left from the aortic arch. The internal carotid artery enters the cranium via the carotid canal and foramen lacerum, while the external carotid artery remains superficial, supplying blood to structures such as the face, lower jaw, neck, esophagus, and larynx, including branches like the lingual, facial, occipital, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries.