Final answer:
Chyme entering the duodenum can decrease gastric motility via the enterogastric reflex by inhibiting gastric secretion and closing the pyloric sphincter to prevent more chyme from entering the duodenum.
Step-by-step explanation:
The enterogastric reflex is a mechanism that regulates gastric motility. When the duodenum is filled with chyme, it triggers the release of hormones that inhibit gastric secretion. This reflex helps prevent the stomach from emptying too quickly and allows the small intestine to process and absorb the chyme.
For example, when partially digested food fills the duodenum, intestinal mucosal cells release a hormone called intestinal (enteric) gastrin, which excites gastric juice secretion. However, when the intestine becomes distended with chyme, the enterogastric reflex is activated and inhibits gastric motility. One of the effects of this reflex is the closure of the pyloric sphincter, which blocks additional chyme from entering the duodenum.