Final answer:
Insulin, produced by the pancreas, works with the endocrine and nervous systems to regulate blood sugar by decreasing high levels, while glucagon raises low levels. Together, they maintain blood glucose homeostasis through negative feedback loops, steered by the endocrine system which includes the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hormone insulin interacts with the endocrine and nervous systems to control the amount of sugar in the bloodstream. The pancreas plays a pivotal role in this process, where its beta cells secrete insulin to lower blood glucose levels that are too high, and alpha cells secrete glucagon to raise blood glucose levels that are too low. This balance is achieved through two negative feedback loops, ensuring the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis.
The endocrine system is integral in regulating blood glucose levels, with hormones like insulin and glucagon being directly released into the bloodstream to reach cells throughout the body. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland oversee the endocrine system, influencing the secretion of hormones by various glands, including those that regulate blood sugar levels. Additionally, thyroid hormones can also contribute to the regulation of blood glucose.