Final answer:
Translation of mRNA into protein can begin before transcription is complete in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but the process differs between the two cell types.
Step-by-step explanation:
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, translation of mRNA into protein can begin before transcription is complete. However, the process differs between the two cell types. In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, allowing for a rapid cellular response to environmental cues. On the other hand, in eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm or associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum.