Final answer:
The list involves classifying substances based on their physical states, chemical composition, or specific categories like metals or mixtures. Metals are generally shiny and conductive, while nonmetals and metal alloys have other distinct properties. Elements can also be classified as metals, nonmetals, transition metals, or inner transition metals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The list provided includes various substances that can be classified based on their physical states, chemical composition, or by specific categories such as being a metal, nonmetal, or a type of mixture. For instance, looking at substances like blood, which is a liquid containing both plasma and cells; argon, a noble gas; silicon dioxide (SiO₂), a compound consisting of silicon and oxygen; and construction materials like sand, stones, and concrete bricks, it's clear that these items have diverse physical and chemical properties.
Metals like silver, copper, gold, aluminum, and steel have distinct characteristics such as being shiny, conducting electricity and heat well, and being malleable and ductile. Nonmetals and metal alloys, and other substances such as ice and glass, also show specific physical attributes that set them apart from metals. For example, nonmetals may be brittle in the solid phase and generally do not conduct heat or electricity well, whereas metal alloys are combinations of metals with other elements that have unique properties.
Additionally, elements can be classified further as metals, nonmetals, transition metals, or inner transition metals, such as in the examples provided in exercises 3.8.3 and 4.6.3, that include elements like fluorine (F), uranium (U), and copper (Cu).