Final answer:
The claim that electron energy is converted to 99% heat and 1% x-rays is false; the distribution of energy between heat and x-rays varies and depends on many factors, including the design of the x-ray tube and the anode material used.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that energy from the electrons is converted to 99% heat and 1% x-rays is false. In the production of x-rays in a cathode ray tube (CRT), electrons ejected from a hot filament are accelerated through a high voltage and then strike the anode.
This process converts the kinetic energy of the electrons to a variety of forms, including thermal energy (heat) and photon energy (x-rays). Although a significant portion of the energy is converted into heat, especially with heavy elements like tungsten used as anode materials, the exact percentage can vary and is not typically as high as 99% for heat.
The conversion of energy also involves bremsstrahlung radiation, where an electron's energy is not entirely converted into x-ray photon energy. Rather, there's a broad range of x-ray energies produced, with only the highest-energy x-ray corresponding to a situation where nearly all of the electron's kinetic energy is transferred to the x-ray photon (conservation of energy).
Therefore, the actual distribution of energy between x-rays and heat depends on a variety of factors, including the accelerating voltage and the properties of the anode material.