Final answer:
The posterior pituitary gland is responsible for storing and releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus, such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Step-by-step explanation:
Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, plays a critical role in the endocrine system and is divided into two parts: the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary. The gland is located at the base of the brain and is connected to the hypothalamus by a structure known as the infundibulum. While the anterior pituitary secretes its own hormones in response to hypothalamic signals, it's the posterior pituitary that stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus, such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), directly into the bloodstream.
The hormones stored in the posterior pituitary have various functions. Oxytocin is involved in several processes, including childbirth and lactation, while ADH plays a crucial role in water balance by controlling the absorption of water in the kidneys.
Therefore, in response to the question, the gland that stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus is the posterior pituitary.