Final answer:
The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids, with aldosterone being the most prominent hormone responsible for regulating fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hormones produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex are mineralocorticoids. Among mineralocorticoids, the most prominent is aldosterone, which is crucial for maintaining the body's electrolyte balance by regulating sodium and potassium levels. This helps control blood volume and pressure, and influences fluid dynamics throughout the body. The zona glomerulosa is the most superficial region of the adrenal cortex, primarily involved in fluid and electrolyte balance.
The zona fasciculata produces glucocorticoids, like cortisol, which are important for glucose metabolism and the body's response to stress. The zona reticularis, which is the deepest layer, secretes androgens that supplement gonadal androgens and are important for sexual development and function. In conclusion, the correct answer to the student's question is that the zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids.