Final answer:
A laboratory not part of a medical practice and specializing in complex tests is a reference laboratory. In a different context, scientific research aimed at gaining knowledge without immediate application is known as basic or fundamental research.
Step-by-step explanation:
A laboratory owned and operated by an organization outside the medical practice is a reference laboratory. Such labs are typically utilized for more specialized or infrequent testing that is not routinely performed in a hospital or clinic-based lab. Reference labs often provide advanced diagnostics, esoteric testing, and support for health care providers with complex cases or rare conditions. In terms of scientific research, it is important to note that research producing knowledge without any immediate practical use is known as basic research or fundamental research. These terms refer to studies that aim to increase understanding of fundamental principles and may not have a direct clinical application at the time of discovery. On the other hand, applied research is designed to solve practical problems and has a direct impact on health interventions.