Final answer:
The large subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes contains two rRNAs named 5S and 23S, while the eukaryotic ribosomes' large subunit includes three rRNAs named 5S, 5.8S, and 28S.
Step-by-step explanation:
The large subunit of a ribosome contains several rRNA molecules. For example, in Escherichia coli, a prokaryote, the large 50S ribosomal subunit includes the 5S and 23S rRNA subunits. In contrast, eukaryotic ribosomes, which are generally larger, contain a 60S large subunit with the rRNAs 5S, 5.8S, and 28S as part of their structure. Mature rRNAs comprise about 50% of each ribosome, with the remaining structure being composed of various polypeptides.
Ribosome Composition
Ribosomes play a crucial role in protein synthesis and are found throughout the cell, including in the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotes, as well as in the mitochondria and chloroplasts. They are macromolecular complexes made of rRNA and proteins, designed to link amino acids together by translating mRNA. The ribosomal large subunit is integral to this process, providing a site for the tRNAs to bring amino acids and help form the growing polypeptide chains.