Final answer:
The hamate bone in the distal row of carpal bones has a distinguishable hook called the hook of the hamate. It is located on the anterior side of the hamate and is clinically significant since it is close to important tendons and nerves.
Step-by-step explanation:
The carpal bones of the wrist are arranged in two rows: a proximal row and a distal row. Of these bones, it is the hamate bone that is distinguishable by a feature known as the hook of the hamate. This hook is a prominent bony extension on the anterior side of the hamate bone. It is clinically significant because its proximity to the tendons and nerves that pass through the area can sometimes lead to injuries, such as in the case of athletes who use their hands extensively.
The hamate bone is part of the distal row of carpal bones and can be remembered with the mnemonic 'So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb', signalling the U-turn from the medial side back to the lateral side of the hand. It is important for students of anatomy and medicine to be familiar with these structures due to their relevance in conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome and fractures. Knowledge of the carpal bones is essential for understanding wrist anatomy and related pathologies.