Final answer:
The Baroque trumpet, lacking valves, produced a limited range of notes, while advancements during the Industrial Revolution led to the modern trumpet with valves, allowing for a fully chromatic scale and easier playability.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Baroque trumpet differs from the modern trumpet in several significant ways, mainly due to advancements during the Industrial Revolution. Originally, the Baroque trumpet did not have valves and was longer than today's trumpets. The lack of valves meant that the trumpet could only play a restricted set of notes in the harmonic series, which musicians would manipulate through lip tension and playing technique. These natural trumpets were predominantly used in military and ceremonial music for their clear, bright sound.
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, there were major improvements in mechanical valves for brass instruments. The modern trumpet, equipped with valves, allows the player to produce a fully chromatic scale, making it more versatile and capable of playing more complex music. Moreover, the modern trumpet is more accurate in pitch, has a wider range, and can be played more easily and reliably than its Baroque counterpart.