Final answer:
Andreas Vesalius, a Flemish anatomist, dissected cadavers and published the seminal textbook on human physiology called 'De humani corporis fabrica'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The person who is credited with dissecting cadavers and publishing the first accurate textbook on human physiology is the Flemish anatomist Andreas Vesalius. The book he published is named 'De humani corporis fabrica' (On the Fabric of the Human Body). Andreas Vesalius is known for his precise dissections and detailed drawings, which significantly challenged the incorrect anatomical theories of the time, many of which had persisted since the works of ancient scholars like Galen. His contributions mark a major advance in the history of anatomy and physiology, disciplines that have since evolved with innovations such as non-invasive imaging techniques to view structures within the living body, such as X-rays.