Final answer:
The student's question refers to Act 4, Scene 3 of Macbeth, where Malcolm pretends to lack the virtues of a good king, such as justice, temperance, and stability, to test Macduff's loyalty. The provided references however do not contain the relevant information from this particular scene of the play.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question asks about the virtues Malcolm claims to lack in Act 4, Scene 3 of William Shakespeare's play Macbeth. Unfortunately, the provided references do not give explicit evidence from Act 4, Scene 3 where Malcolm tests Macduff's loyalty by pretending that he, Malcolm, lacks the qualities of a good king and lists the vices he allegedly possesses, which include lust, greed, and a lack of justice. This is a test to ascertain Macduff's intentions and loyalty. The references instead offer fragments from various parts of the play as well as general statements on virtue that do not directly answer the student's question.
If looking for the specific scene, Malcolm mentions to Macduff that he is voluptuous, avaricious, and has no kingly virtues -- implying that he is unfit to govern. It should be noted that Malcolm later reveals that this is a ruse and that he does indeed possess the necessary virtues to be king. In this scene, Shakespeare explores themes of power, virtue, and leadership. This nuanced interaction highlights the complexity of character and the moral choices that underpin the narrative arc of Macbeth.