Final answer:
The ecological roles of Bacteria and Archaea include performing photosynthesis, causing infections such as skin diseases, converting atmospheric nitrogen to forms usable by other organisms, and forming biofilms like dental plaque. All choices a through e are accurate as ecological roles of prokaryotes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ecological role of Bacteria and Archaea encompasses a variety of functions which are essential to the biosphere. These include:
- Performing photosynthesis: Some prokaryotes, like cyanobacteria, are able to convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, which is crucial for the production of oxygen.
- Staphylococcus bacteria infecting the skin: This is an example of how bacteria can cause diseases in humans and other organisms.
- Conversion of N₂ to NH₄: Many prokaryotes engage in nitrogen fixation, converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, which can then be used by other organisms.
- Formation of biofilms like dental plaque: Prokaryotes can adhere to surfaces and form communities, which include the biofilms that form on teeth.
All these listed items, a through e, are accurate representations of the ecological roles of prokaryotes.