Final answer:
Plants regulate gas exchange and water loss through guard cells and stomata, which are specialized structures that open and close to balance efficient photosynthesis with water conservation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Plants regulate gas exchange and water loss via e. guard cells and stomata. The leaves of plants have a protective layer known as the cuticle, which is waxy and waterproof to prevent excessive water loss. However, for photosynthesis to occur, plants must also allow for the intake of carbon dioxide. This is where stomata come into play; they are small openings on the leaf surface which can open and close to regulate gas exchange and minimize water loss. The opening and closing of stomata are regulated by guard cells, which respond to environmental cues, ensuring a balance between efficient photosynthesis and conservation of water.