Final answer:
Declarative memory is the term for memory of facts and experiences one can consciously know and declare, encompassing episodic and semantic memory. It involves processes like effortful processing and elaborative rehearsal and is influenced by the brain's equipotentiality in forming and storing memories.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for the memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare is declarative memory. Declarative memory is a type of long-term memory that includes facts and events we have personally experienced. This kind of memory involves effortful processing, which is the encoding of information that takes effort and attention, and elaborative rehearsal, which means actively thinking about the meaning of new information and how it relates to what is already stored in your memory.
Furthermore, declarative memory is divided into two subtypes: episodic memory and semantic memory. Episodic memory is a form of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced, known as autobiographical memory. Semantic memory, on the other hand, is knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts. The encoding process is essentially inputting information into the memory system, potentially forming an engram, a physical trace of memory.
Another concept worth noting is the equipotentiality hypothesis, which suggests that various parts of the brain can adapt to take over functions for damaged parts, especially in the context of forming and storing memories. This shows the brain's resilience and ability to compensate for injuries related to memory.