Final answer:
Recall is the measure of memory where a person retrieves information they have learned before without cues, such as on a fill-in-the-blank test. It was extensively studied by Hermann Ebbinghaus who developed the forgetting curve, showing that memory decays rapidly at first, then levels off.
Step-by-step explanation:
The measure of memory in which a person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test, is known as recall. This form of retrieval requires someone to access information from their memory without the aid of cues. For instance, if a student learned a concept in class and later needs to fill in the blanks on a test without any prompts, they rely on recall to retrieve the necessary information.
German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus researched this phenomenon in the 19th century, establishing that memorized information decays quickly after learning, but then the rate of forgetting tapers off. Ebbinghaus's discovery is encapsulated in his famous forgetting curve. Understanding how recall works is crucial for efficiently studying and remembering information for exams and other educational pursuits.