Final answer:
Condensation is the process through which a gas becomes a liquid, while sublimation involves the transition of a solid directly to a gas, and deposition is the reverse. These phase changes explain how substances transition between solid, liquid, and gas states.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process through which a gas becomes a liquid is called condensation. An example of this is when water vapor in the air cools and changes back into liquid form, forming dew on grass or water droplets on a cold glass. Sublimation is the transition of a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state, like dry ice changing into carbon dioxide vapor. Similarly, the opposite process where a gas transitions directly into a solid is called deposition, like frost forming on a cold surface.
Evaporation occurs when a liquid turns into gas below its boiling point, and condensation is the reverse process where gas turns into a liquid. To summarize, the pertinent phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas are melting (solid to liquid), freezing (liquid to solid), vaporization (liquid to gas), and condensation (gas to liquid), with sublimation (solid to gas) and deposition (gas to solid) being arguably less common but equally important in certain contexts.