Final answer:
The term for the reduction in the intensity of the x-ray beam as it goes through a material is called absorption, which depends on factors like material density, thickness, and x-ray energy. Option 2 is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reduction in the intensity of the x-ray beam as it passes through a material is termed absorption. X-rays are attenuated when they pass through a material because their energy is absorbed by the atoms in the material. This absorption depends on several factors, such as the density of the material, the thickness of the material, and the energy of the x-ray beam itself.
Higher-density materials or greater thicknesses will increase the absorption, leading to a reduction in the intensity of the x-ray beam. Similarly, lower-energy x-rays will be absorbed more than higher-energy x-rays, providing better contrast in imaging, although they may not penetrate as deeply.
The reduction in the intensity of the x-ray beam as it passes through a material is called absorption. X-ray beams contain high energy photons that can interact with the atoms in the material they pass through. These interactions can cause the photons to be absorbed by the atoms, leading to a decrease in the intensity of the beam.