Final answer:
A cavity search may only be conducted when there is probable cause to believe contraband is concealed, demonstrating the requirement of reasonable grounds for such invasive actions, balanced against Fourth Amendment protections.
Step-by-step explanation:
A cavity search is authorized only when a staff member or other official has probable cause to believe that the inmate is concealing contraband in a body cavity. This legal standard is less than the proof required for a conviction but requires a reasonable belief, based on facts and circumstances, which would lead a person to believe that a crime has been committed or evidence will be found. For example, in the Supreme Court case regarding Savanna's strip search, the Court concluded that although a search of her belongings was justified, the more intrusive search beneath her clothes was not, as there was not sufficient suspicion that she was hiding contraband in her undergarments, demonstrating the need for a balancing act between the need for the search and the invasion of personal privacy.
The Fourth Amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures, requiring probable cause and a warrant in many situations. However, in certain circumstances, a warrant is not necessary, such as when there is consent from the owner, exigent circumstances exist, or if the items are in plain view.