Final answer:
Glial cells are crucial support cells in the nervous system that aid neurons in functioning properly. They outnumber neurons and perform various functions, from guiding neuron development to creating myelin sheaths for axons.
Step-by-step explanation:
Glial cells, also known as neuroglia or simply glia, are essential cells found in the nervous tissue that provide support and protection for neurons. They perform a number of critical functions that aid neurons, the brain's primary cells involved in communication through electrical and chemical signals. Glial cells were initially thought to serve solely as a type of "glue" in the nervous system—a term coined from the Greek word 'glia.' However, they are now known to have much more complex roles, including guiding developing neurons, buffering harmful substances, and providing myelin sheaths around axons to facilitate efficient signal transmission. Glial cells outnumber neurons and are vital to the nervous system's health; malfunctions in glial cells can lead to severe conditions such as brain tumors.
When it comes to the student's question about whether glial cells are 1) cells that support and protect neurons, 2) cells that transmit electrical signals, 3) cells that produce hormones, or 4) cells that store genetic information, the correct answer is 1) cells that support and protect neurons. This support includes maintenance of tissue structure, providing nutrients to neurons, and cleaning up cellular debris within the brain.