Final answer:
A microphone reacts to sound waves by converting them into electrical signals, displayed on an oscilloscope. The intensity of sound correlates with the square of its amplitude. An increase of 30% in amplitude results in an altered intensity that can be calculated.
Step-by-step explanation:
A microphone's response to a sound wave can be understood by examining its ability to convert acoustic waves into electrical signals.
These signals can be visualized using an oscilloscope, as seen in various experiments such as monitoring the amplitude changes of a waveform or observing frequency shifts. When considering the intensity of a sound wave, it is proportional to the square of the amplitude. Therefore, if a pure sound tone's intensity is originally at 2.00 × 10-5 W/m² and is increased by 30%, the new intensity can be calculated considering that intensity is related to the square of the amplitude.
In a medical setting, an ultrasound speaker that doubles as a microphone can emit brief bleeps and record echoes from various depths, converting the time it takes for the echoes to return into a distance measurement.
Similarly, the Doppler effect is observed when the blood acts as a moving source and the microphone as a stationary observer, detecting frequency shifts in the reflected sound.