Final answer:
Cesare Lombroso's theories, notably the Theory of Atavism and the Theory of Criminal Anthropology, posited that certain individuals are predisposed to criminal behavior due to biological factors, ideas that have influenced the field of biological determinism and positivist criminology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individualistic theories related to Cesare Lombroso in the field of biology are primarily his Theory of Atavism and Theory of Criminal Anthropology. Lombroso's Theory of Atavism suggested that criminality was the result of primitive instincts that survived in a modern human, which could be identified by physical anomalies or stigmata, an idea that echoed Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and the concept of regression. The Theory of Criminal Anthropology, on the other hand, encompassed his broader research that combined elements of biology, criminology, and anthropology to suggest that criminal behavior was inherited and that criminals could be scientifically identified by their physical characteristics. These ideas contributed significantly to the establishment of biological determinism in criminology. Lombroso's theories also align with the larger Theory of Determinism, which posits that all events, including human actions, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will. Moreover, Theory of Positivism in criminology, which Lombroso is also associated with, seeks to apply a scientific and empirical approach to the study of crime and criminals, distancing from the classical theory which assumes crime as a free will decision.