Final answer:
Operant conditioning is associated with B. F. Skinner, focusing on behavior influenced by consequences like reinforcement and punishment. Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory also acknowledges the importance of learning but includes cognitive processes as influential factors in personality development. Pavlov and Watson, though important figures in behaviorism, are more associated with classical conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Operant conditioning is a form of learning largely associated with the work of B. F. Skinner. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning centers on how behavior is influenced by the consequences that follow it. Positive and negative reinforcements are key factors in shaping behavior according to Skinner's theory. For example, if a behavior is followed by a reward (a reinforcement), it is more likely to occur again in the future. Conversely, if a behavior is followed by a punishment, it is less likely to occur. This principle is captured in the use of the operant conditioning chamber or Skinner box, a device created by Skinner to study these concepts.
In contrast to Skinner's theory, Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory takes into account cognition and the role of thought processes in learning. He presents the idea of reciprocal determinism where cognitive processes, behavior, and context interact. Bandura emphasizes observational learning and the concept of self-efficacy as crucial to personality development.
Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson are also renowned figures in behaviorism but are more closely linked to classical conditioning, which involves learning through association, unlike Skinner's operant conditioning that involves learning through consequences.