Final answer:
Individualistic theories in the psychological-psychiatric/medical model focus on the individual's unique experiences and characteristics, encompassing cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoanalysis, humanistic therapy, and biological psychiatry.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individualistic theories in the psychological-psychiatric/medical model include a diverse set of approaches that emphasize the individual's unique characteristics and subjective experience in understanding and treating psychological disorders. These theories include:
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): This approach combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to help individuals modify harmful thought patterns and behaviors.
- Psychoanalysis: Originating with Sigmund Freud, this theory focuses on unconscious motives and conflicts as drivers of behavior.
- Humanistic therapy: Pioneered by psychologists such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, this approach emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.
- Biological psychiatry: This perspective looks at the genetic and neurobiological underpinnings of psychological disorders.
These theories are part of a larger framework of understanding personality and behavior, which includes learning approaches, trait theories, and cultural influences on personality.