Final answer:
The design referred to in the question is known as the panopticon, which is a type of prison architecture that allows inmates to be observed by a single watchman. It differs from the longitudinal and central plans found in religious and other types of buildings.
Step-by-step explanation:
The design consisting of hallways bordered by cells typically joined to a centralized administrative area is known as the panopticon. This architectural concept is relevant to the organization of space in various buildings, including prisons. The panopticon allows all inmates to be observed by a single watchman without the inmates being able to tell whether or not they are being watched. Although the term panopticon is not specifically mentioned in the provided reference information, it is the most accurate term for describing the aforementioned design in the context of prison architecture.
The design represented in the question diverges from other architectural plans such as the longitudinal plan, which is organized along a single central axis often seen in churches, or the central plan which arranges structural elements around a central point. While these plans are significant in the history of architecture, they do not pertain to the design described in the question. Instead, the panopticon design is aligned more straightforwardly with the concept of surveillance and control, best showcased in institutional buildings like prisons, rather than religious or residential architecture.