Final answer:
The correct option is 4). Quid pro quo sexual harassment occurs when job-related rewards or penalties are contingent on submitting to sexual advances or conduct. It is illegal and a violation of workplace ethics, enforced by the EEOC under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used to describe when an employee is required to consent to unwelcome sexual advances to obtain employment opportunities or benefits, or is denied opportunities because he or she refuses, is called quid pro quo sexual harassment. This form of harassment involves a power dynamic where a person with higher authority might offer job-related rewards, such as a promotion or a raise, contingent on the receipt of sexual favors or penalize for their refusal.
It is a serious violation of workplace ethics and is considered illegal under laws enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), particularly in the context of enforcing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which bars discrimination on the basis of sex in the workplace.