Final answer:
In Mexico, illnesses are primarily due to bad health (Option 4).
Step-by-step explanation:
In Mexico, the belief regarding the cause of illness has evolved over time. Initially, some people thought that diseases were a spiritual punishment, while others believed illnesses were caused by religious, astrological, and supernatural factors. However, as people came to understand the true causes of diseases, it became clear that illnesses are primarily due to biological factors, lack of cleanliness, and a comprehensive germ theory.
For example, devastating pathogen-borne diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, influenza, and AIDS still cause millions of deaths globally each year, especially in undeveloped countries. These diseases are mainly a result of poor sanitary conditions, unclean water, malnutrition, and lack of proper medical care.
In addition, in high-income nations, many deaths are linked to non-communicable diseases like cancer and obesity, as well as mental illnesses. Furthermore, environmental factors, such as pollution and toxic waste, can also negatively impact human health.
Thus, the correct option is number 4.