Final answer:
The retina is the layer within the eye that contains rods and cones, specialized cells responsible for photoreception and color vision.
Step-by-step explanation:
The intraocular neural tissue layer that contains rods and cones is the retina. The retina is part of the eye's neural tunic, which is the innermost layer of the eye responsible for photoreception. The fibrous tunic, which consists of the sclera and cornea, is the outermost layer, while the vascular tunic, comprising the choroid, ciliary body, and iris, is the middle layer.
Rods are especially sensitive to low levels of light and are predominantly found in the peripheral parts of the retina, while cones, which enable color vision, are primarily found in the central part of the retina. Specifically, the densest concentration of cones is located in the fovea, the exact center of the retina where visual acuity is highest.