Final answer:
The condition where an eye bulges from the orbit is called exophthalmia or Graves' ophthalmopathy, which is a symptom of Graves' disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition where an eye bulges from the orbit is called exophthalmia or Graves' ophthalmopathy. This condition is a sign of Graves' disease, which is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism. The orbit is designed to protect the eye and contains the muscles that control eye movement and eyelid opening.
The eye's shape is maintained by intraocular pressure, and problems with the circulation of fluid in the eye can lead to glaucoma.
However, in the case of exophthalmia associated with Graves' disease, the bulging of the eyes is typically due to inflammation and other immune responses affecting the eye muscles and tissues around the eye.