Final answer:
The position of the remote center or instrument tip in different instruments like telescopes and microscopes is adjusted through specific mechanisms that allow for precise targeting and focus, such as horizontal and elevation axes in a theodolite, and equatorial axis in an astronomical telescope, as well as various focus and lighting adjustments in microscopes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Adjusting the position of the remote center or instrument tip, such as in a telescope, can be achieved in various ways depending on the type of instrument. For example, a theodolite, which is used for surveying, features two axes. One allows for 360-degree horizontal rotation, while the second axis facilitates elevation adjustments to target reference points that are higher than the observer, such as mountaintops.
Nevertheless, an astronomical telescope is designed with its main axis, the equatorial axis, tilted towards the pole star, making it parallel with the Earth's rotation axis. To maintain a constant view of the stars, it uses a clockwork mechanism or manual adjustment to match the rotation of the celestial sphere.
When it comes to measuring instruments like a microscope, adjustments might include moving the stage, altering the placement of the condenser lens, adjusting light intensity, the iris diaphragm, or changing the distance between ocular lenses to obtain the correct focus and level of detail in the observed specimen.