Final answer:
The three layers surrounding the spinal cord and brain are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is: 1) Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater. These three layers are collectively known as the meninges and form protective coverings around the brain and spinal cord. The dura mater is the outermost layer, the arachnoid mater is the middle layer, and the pia mater is the innermost layer closely adhering to the brain and spinal cord. These layers play crucial roles in providing support, protection, and a cushioning effect for the central nervous system. Options 2 and 3 refer to different parts of the brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem; frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe), while option 4 includes the cranium and vertebral column but does not specifically mention the meninges.