Final answer:
Copernicus's idea about the Earth and the Sun conflicted with the beliefs of medieval culture, particularly the Roman Catholic Church. The Church upheld the geocentric view and was resistant to accepting the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus and supported by Galileo. This conflict reflected the tension between scientific discoveries and religious authority during that time.
Step-by-step explanation:
Copernicus's idea about the Earth and the Sun came into conflict with ideas from medieval culture, specifically with the beliefs upheld by the Roman Catholic Church. During this time, the Church maintained the geocentric view that the Earth was the center of the universe. The Copernican heliocentric model, which suggested that the Sun was at the center, challenged this traditional view and went against the Church's authority.
The Church was reluctant to accept this new idea because it contradicted the teachings of Aristotle and Ptolemy, which had been widely accepted for centuries. The Church had political and economic reasons to continue supporting the geocentric model, as it reinforced the Church's power and control over society. Galileo further intensified the conflict by openly supporting the heliocentric model and promoting his ideas, leading to his condemnation by the Church and the banning of his works.
It was only after several centuries and scientific advancements that the heliocentric model gained acceptance, and the Church eventually acknowledged its error in the matter. This conflict between Copernicus's idea and medieval culture is a significant event in the history of science and the relationship between science and religion.