Final answer:
Mutations indicated in the WKS diagram could be point or frameshift mutations, altering the structure and function of proteins. The type of mutation depends on the changes to the genetic code and can occur spontaneously or due to environmental factors. Such mutations contribute to variability in populations and can be a driving force of evolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
A mutation in the diagram on the Worksheet (WKS) likely indicates a change in the genetic material. The type of mutation could be a point mutation (if only a single nucleotide is affected) or a frameshift mutation (if there is an insertion or deletion that alters the reading frame of the gene). If the mature-mRNA is affected as noted in the diagram, this could lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein, potentially resulting in altered protein function or structure.
Commenting on why this mutation caused specific structural changes depends on understanding how the genetic code is translated into proteins. If a point mutation changes one codon to another that encodes a different amino acid, this could change the protein's structure and function. In the case of frameshift mutations, the entire reading frame is altered, leading to widespread changes in the amino acid sequence which could greatly affect protein function.
Mutations can be induced by exposure to environmental agents such as chemicals, UV rays, x-rays, or can occur spontaneously. Induced mutations are a result of external factors, while spontaneous mutations happen due to errors in DNA replication or other natural processes within the cell. In the context of diseases like PKU, harmful mutations in genes can cause the disease, but these mutations can also lead to variability in a population which can be a driving force for evolution.