Final answer:
Diluted solutions of bleach or rubbing alcohol can be used as disinfectants to kill pathogens on surfaces. Bleach is used in a diluted form for safety, while rubbing alcohol is effective in a 70% aqueous solution. Both are commonly used to inactivate microbes on nonliving surfaces.
Step-by-step explanation:
A diluted solution of bleach can be used as a disinfectant against bloodborne pathogens on countertops and workspaces. Bleach contains chlorine, which is effective for killing most microbes on nonliving surfaces. When bleach is used as a disinfectant, it is typically diluted in a 1:10 ratio with water for safety and effectiveness. Rubbing alcohol is another disinfectant that can be used. It is typically used in concentrations of about 70% aqueous solution, as alcohols work better in aqueous solutions than in 100% alcohol solutions. Rubbing alcohol, or isopropanol, kills bacteria and viruses and is one of the components in hand sanitizers.
The effectiveness of chemical disinfectants like bleach has historically been compared to that of phenol. Chemical disinfectants should be fast acting, stable, easy to prepare, inexpensive, and easy to use. Disinfection inactivates most microbes on surfaces but does not achieve sterilization. Personnel must also take precautions, such as wearing protective gear and properly washing any skin contact with diluted bleach or other solutions to avoid infections.