Final answer:
The breathing process involves several structures including the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm, and intercostal muscles, divided into conducting and respiratory zones.
Step-by-step explanation:
Structures Involved in the Breathing Process
The process of breathing involves several key structures in the body. The nose and mouth serve as the primary entry and exit points for air. The pharynx and larynx form part of the upper airway by directing air from the nose and mouth into the trachea, which leads to the bronchi and eventually the lungs. The lungs are the main organ involved in gas exchange, with the alveoli within the lungs being the site where oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is released. The diaphragm, a large muscle located below the lungs, along with the intercostal muscles between the ribs, play a critical role in controlling the process of breathing by helping to expand and contract the thoracic cavity to facilitate air movement.
The respiratory system can be divided into the conducting zone and the respiratory zone. The conducting zone includes all the pathways that carry air to the lungs, such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Meanwhile, the respiratory zone encompasses the structures of the lung directly involved in gas exchange, including the alveoli and terminal bronchioles.