Final answer:
White blood cells are the most sensitive to radiation damage because they are rapidly dividing, making them vulnerable to the harmful effects of radiation. The correct option is 2) White blood cells
Step-by-step explanation:
The cell types most sensitive to radiation damage are those that are rapidly dividing. Among the options provided, white blood cells are particularly sensitive to radiation because they are one of the most rapidly reproducing cells in the body.
This sensitivity is due to their high proliferation rate and the fact that radiation can interfere with cell reproduction, which is crucial for the immune system. Hence, a loss of white blood cells weakens the immune system and can be fatal at low doses of radiation.
White blood cells are not only vital for fighting infections but also constantly renew themselves, making them susceptible to damage from radiation exposure.
Other rapidly dividing cells, like those found in the bone marrow, intestinal lining, and hair follicles, are also highly susceptible, which explains why these are commonly affected areas in radiation sickness and why radiation therapy is effective against cancer cells. The correct option is 2) White blood cells