Question

3. Weaker winds result in a _____ upwelling, resulting in less _____ water brought up. El Niño is part of a larger climate pattern known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The ENSO cycle consists of three phases: El Niño, La Niña, and neutral. El Niño is the warm phase of the cycle and is associated with above-average sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific. 4. A La Nina year is like the opposite of an El Nino year. The tradewinds are stronger than normal. What effect would you expect this change to have on the strength of the upwelling and the sea surface temperature?

5. Use the globes below to illustrate the differences between a normal year and an El Nino year. a. Color the arrows that represent the tradewinds and notice that the winds are stronger in a normal year. b. Use blue to color in the areas outlined with the dashed line. These represent the cold water broug up by upwelling currents. Notice there is much less cold water during the El Nino year. Normal Year El Nino Year​

Answer 1

During a La Niña year, the stronger tradewinds generate stronger upwelling and lead to cooler sea surface temperatures. In an El Niño year, reduced upwelling leads to warmer water and disrupted marine life and weather patterns. Illustrations of globes comparing a normal year to an El Niño year highlight these differences in tradewinds and upwelling.

Step-by-step explanation:

Weaker winds result in a reduced upwelling, resulting in less cold water being brought up. El Niño is part of a larger climate pattern known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is characterized by above-average sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific. In contrast, during a La Niña year, the tradewinds are stronger than normal, which would result in a stronger upwelling and cooler sea surface temperatures as more cold, nutrient-rich water from the ocean depths is drawn to the surface.

When instructing to use the globes to illustrate differences between a normal year and an El Niño year, the focus is on the aspects of tradewinds and upwelling. In a normal year, the tradewinds are stronger, contributing to more effective upwelling and colder surface water, marked by the color blue on the globe where cold water is brought up by the upwelling currents. During an El Niño year, the warming effect reduces upwelling and consequently less cold water is present, affecting marine life and potentially causing extreme weather patterns around the globe.