Final answer:
The study by Weinberg and Hunt indicated that both increased muscle soreness and coordination difficulties led to inferior performance in college students. Proper balance between exercise and rest, as well as managing stress levels, play crucial roles in performance outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The results of Weinberg and Hunt's (1976) study on college students with high and low trait anxiety demonstrated that: a combination of increased muscle soreness and coordination difficulties contributed to inferior performance. This is option 4: (a and c). Increased muscle soreness, as a result of overuse injuries and cellular damage including damage to the sarcolemma and myofibrils, contributes to the sensation of soreness post-exercise. When combined with coordination difficulties that can stem from excessive mental and physical stress, individuals may experience decreased performance outcomes.
It is important to understand the balance between exercise and rest to prevent overuse injuries, as well as the role of moderation in stress levels to enhance performance. The Yerkes & Dodson law, which suggests that moderate arousal results in optimal performance, may also apply in introducing that not only physical factors like muscle soreness affect performance but psychological factors such as the level of arousal and stress also have a significant influence.