Final answer:
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are 1) useful in identifying specific individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are DNA sequences consisting of repeated motifs, typically 2 to 6 base pairs in length, that are repeated consecutively. These repeats vary among individuals, and the specific pattern of repeats at certain loci in the genome is unique to each person. This distinctiveness makes STRs a powerful tool in forensic science and paternity testing for identifying specific individuals. By analyzing the number of repeats at different loci, forensic scientists can create a DNA profile that is highly specific to an individual, providing a reliable method for identification.
STRs are not errors in DNA sequencing (3) or DNA fragments generated during PCR (4). Instead, they are specific regions in the genome that are targeted for analysis in various applications, including forensic identification. The repetitive nature of STRs makes them prone to mutations, leading to genetic diversity among individuals. This diversity is exploited in forensic DNA profiling, where the unique pattern of repeats at multiple STR loci is used to establish individual identity.
In summary,1) STRs are invaluable in identifying specific individuals due to their unique patterns of repetition at specific loci in the genome. This characteristic has widespread applications in forensic science, providing a reliable and precise method for individual identification based on the analysis of short tandem repeat patterns.