Final answer:
Arousal refers to the intensity of motivation and is associated with the optimal level of stimulation needed for different activities, a concept supported by the Yerkes-Dodson law.
Step-by-step explanation:
Arousal refers to the intensity of motivation. This concept is part of arousal theories within psychology that suggest there is an optimal level of arousal for different activities. The Yerkes-Dodson law supports this by indicating that for simple tasks, performance is best when arousal levels are relatively high, whereas for complex tasks, performance is best when arousal is lower. Arousal can influence a range of behaviors, including our motivation to engage in sexual behavior, as indicated by research into the sexual response cycle, which comprises excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution phases.