Final answer:
The type of adaptive immunity described in the statement is 1) naturally acquired active immunity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when an individual's immune system is exposed to antigens through natural means, such as infection. In this process, the immune system initiates both innate and adaptive responses to combat the invading pathogen. Memory cells are generated during this immune response, creating immunological memory.
This acquired immunity provides long-term protection, as the immune system "remembers" the specific antigens, enabling a faster and more effective response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen.
When a person contracts an infection, the immune system produces antibodies and activates immune cells to eliminate the pathogen. The presence of memory cells ensures that if the individual encounters the same pathogen in the future, the immune system can rapidly recognize and mount a targeted response, preventing or mitigating the severity of the infection. This process is a fundamental aspect of the body's defense against various diseases and contributes to overall health by building a protective immune memory over time.
Naturally acquired active immunity is a dynamic and adaptive process that highlights the remarkable capabilities of the immune system. It not only responds to immediate threats but also establishes a lasting defense mechanism, showcasing the intricacies of the body's ability to adapt and protect itself against a wide range of pathogens.