Final answer:
For extracellular bacteria and fungi, B cells and TH2 cells are typically involved in the adaptive immune response, with B cells producing specific antibodies to target these pathogens. TH1 cells are more involved with intracellular pathogens, enhancing macrophage function, while TH17 cells play a crucial role in mucosal immunity.
Step-by-step explanation:
For the pathogens Fungi and Extracellular Bacteria, the type of cell used in the adaptive immune response would primarily involve B cells and TH2 cells. Extracellular pathogens such as fungi and certain bacteria are typically targeted by antibodies produced by B cells. These B cells, when stimulated by helper T cells, particularly the TH2 subtype, differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies specifically designed to neutralize and mark extracellular organisms for destruction.
On the other hand, TH1 cells are associated with responses against intracellular pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which have evolved to survive within macrophages. TH1 cells aid macrophages by enhancing their ability to digest these intracellular invaders through the secretion of specific cytokines.
A third subtype, TH17 cells, are essential for the body's defense against chronic mucocutaneous infections. Although not directly named as players in response to extracellular bacteria and fungi, they are important in mucosal immunity and protection against certain extracellular pathogens.