Final answer:
The 'p' in ATmega328p stands for 'Pico-Power,' indicating the microcontroller's low-power technology that extends battery life for portable applications.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of the ATmega328p, the letter 'p' refers to 'Pico-Power,' which indicates that the microcontroller is designed with specific features for low-power consumption. The ATmega328p is a popular microcontroller used in many applications, including the famous Arduino Uno development board. The Pico-Power technology is a set of features provided by Atmel (now part of Microchip Technology) that enables the microcontroller to operate at lower power, thus extending battery life for portable applications. This includes various power-saving modes and options to control the clock frequency and power consumption for both active and sleep modes of operation.