Final answer:
Political groups that were scarcely represented in various parliaments included minority parties, emerging middle classes, and those representing specific regional or religious interests. This was evident in historical contexts such as the Weimar Republic's Reichstag and pre-reform 19th-century Britain, as well as in modern parliamentary systems where small parties may still struggle to wield significant influence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question you've asked concerns the political groups that were scarcely represented in the Parliament. This scenario can be observed in different historical contexts. For instance, during the Weimar Republic in Germany, the multitude of political parties due to proportional representation led to a fragmentary Reichstag. Similarly, in 19th-century Britain, before the Reform Acts, rotten boroughs and an outdated electoral system meant that new industrial cities and the emerging middle class were underrepresented, while the aristocracy maintained a disproportionate influence. Eventually, parliamentary reforms across Europe broadened representation, but electorates remained limited to property owners and excluded women until the 20th century.
In more modern times, such as in Italy's 2018 elections, the structure of the parliamentary system and low threshold for representation allowed more parties, including minority parties, to gain seats in Parliament. However, these parties often hold less power than major parties but sometimes gain influence by aligning with larger parties. Minority parties or those representing specific regional, religious, or other such niches, have historically found it challenging to have their voices heard in various parliamentary governments.