Final answer:
Sensitive periods indicate specific times during fetal growth and early life when the brain and other organs are most susceptible to external influences, which could significantly impact development. These periods are crucial as they can determine the long-term structural and functional outcomes of brain development.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sensitive periods in brain development refer to specific times during prenatal and early life when certain regions of the brain are most receptive to external stimuli, leading to the formation of neural connections. During these times, the brain undergoes rapid changes, and the environment can have a profound impact on development. For example, certain teratogens, such as alcohol, can have detrimental effects on the brain if exposure occurs during these critical periods. Conversely, providing a stimulating learning environment can enhance brain development.
Critical periods are specific times during fetal growth when certain body parts or organs, such as the brain, develop most rapidly. If the developing fetus is exposed to harmful substances like alcohol during these periods, it can lead to serious defects. Developmental milestones are age-specific behaviors or physical skills seen in infants and children as they grow and develop. These milestones help track the child's progress on the path of normal development.
Discontinuous development supports the idea that development happens in distinct stages at certain times. Disorganized attachment is an emotional bond that forms between a child and caregiver that is marked by inconsistent or odd behavior, often seen in children who have experienced abuse. Both indicate that experiences during sensitive periods can have lasting effects on an individual's development.