Final answer:
The occipital bone, parietal ridge, apex, and 4 corners are features of the human skull. These structures, along with the associated suture lines and cranial fossae, form the brain case, which protects the cranial cavity and brain. The correct option is 1) Parts of the human skull
Step-by-step explanation:
The occipital bone, parietal ridge, apex, and 4 corners are all parts of the human skull, which is option 1. The cranial cavity of the skull is protected by the braincase, which consists of eight bones including the paired parietal and temporal bones, plus the unpaired frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
Major suture lines, such as the sagittal suture connecting the right and left parietal bones, coronal suture joining the parietal bones to the frontal bone, lambdoid suture connecting them to the occipital bone, and squamous suture joining them to the temporal bone, are essential in identifying the bones associated with each.
The brain case not only protects the brain but also contains various openings or foramina for the passage of blood vessels and nerves. The foramen magnum is perhaps the most renowned of these openings, located in the occipital bone, through which the spinal cord exits the skull.
Additionally, the cranial fossae, which include the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae, as well as the temporal fossa, and infratemporal fossa, are areas at the base of the skull that cradle the brain's various parts. The correct option is 1) Parts of the human skull