Final answer:
In gin production, Gin head distillation uses a Carterhead still, which allows botanicals to impart flavor without direct contact with the liquid spirit.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the European method of gin production, Gin head distillation primarily uses a Carterhead still. This type of still is known for its unique method of suspending a “gin basket” in the head of the still, where botanicals are held. During distillation, the alcohol vapors pass through the botanicals and extract flavors without the botanicals coming into direct contact with the liquid spirit.
This method is different from traditional pot distillation, where botanicals are typically soaked directly in the alcohol. The question mentions a “Plymouth still” and a “Duke of Wellington” still; however, these are not recognized as specific types of stills for gin production. Plymouth is a style of gin, not a type of still, and there is no well-known still named after the Duke of Wellington in relation to gin production. Therefore, the correct answer to this question is option 3, A Carterhead still.