Final answer:
Figures such as Napoleon during his reign and various French political factions throughout history, including the Jacobins, Girondins, and later the Third Republic, played significant roles in rallying the French against Austrians and Prussians during different periods of conflict.
Step-by-step explanation:
Throughout various conflicts, France had several figures who rallied the French against Austrians and Prussians. During the French Revolution, radical parties such as the Jacobins and Girondins, supported by the sans-culottes, pushed against foreign threats and internal struggles to maintain revolutionary ideals. Marshal Henri Petain, a World War I hero, initially urged for an armistice in World War II, yet French leadership in other periods, like Napoleon and the forces of the Third Republic, actively worked to rebuild and rally the French military against external threats posed by coalitions and the united German armies.
Napoleon is most notable for his efforts to rally the French; during accounts such as the War of the Sixth Coalition and the Battle of Leipzig, he mustered hundreds of thousands of soldiers to defend and attempt to expand the French Empire. However, faced with international coalitions, French resistance eventually waned, and after the Battle of Leipzig, Napoleon had no other option but to abdicate in favor of a political peace settlement.
Following the catastrophic losses in the Franco-Prussian War and the capture of Napoleon III, the formation of the Third Republic marked the change in leadership and the continued resistance against foreign control and influence, despite territorial losses. It's essential to note that at different times, various leaders and factions stepped forward to rally the French against the Austrians and Prussians.